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The short circuit state of permanent magnet synchronous generator can be divided into transient short circuit and steady short circuit. The demagnetization effect of short-circuit current on permanent magnet depends on the rotor magnetic circuit structure and no-load flux leakage coefficient. In order to avoid irreversible demagnetization of the permanent magnet when the permanent magnet synchronous generator is short circuited, the maximum demagnetization point is checked in the design process, and the straight line section of the recovery line at the maximum working temperature should be higher than or equal to the inflection point of the recovery line.
2.2.2 operating characteristics、The operation performance of permanent magnet synchronous generator is mainly reflected in three aspects, namely, three important performance indexes: short circuit current multiple, sinusoidal distortion rate of voltage waveform and inherent voltage regulation rate.
Permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) needs a DC magnetic field in order to realize energy conversion, and the DC current that generates the magnetic field is called the excitation current of PMSG. According to the supply mode of excitation current, the first one is that the generator which obtains excitation current from other power sources is called other excitation generator; The second kind: from the generator itself to obtain excitation power, is called self-excited generator. Their advantages: permanent magnet synchronous generator has the advantages of small volume, simple structure, low loss, high efficiency, mainly used for high-performance servo drive system which requires fast response, wide speed range, accurate positioning. Main disadvantages: poor seismic capacity, small power, complex structure, slightly high cost.、Permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) is a synchronous machine which is excited by permanent magnet to produce synchronous rotating magnetic field. As the rotor, the permanent magnet generates rotating magnetic field, and the stator winding induces three-phase symmetrical current through armature reaction under the action of rotating magnetic field. At this time, the kinetic energy of the rotor is converted into electric energy, and the permanent magnet synchronous motor is used as the generator.
Before understanding the working principle of permanent magnet synchronous generator, let's take a look at the main electromagnetic structure of permanent magnet synchronous generator. Because there is an air gap between the stator and rotor of the electromagnetic structure of permanent magnet synchronous generator, ax, by and CZ three-phase symmetrical windings are on the stator, and the turns of each phase winding are equal, with a space difference of 120 degrees. There is a kind of permanent magnetic material on the rotor, which can produce mechanical magnetic field. In addition, the magnetic flux is led out from the N pole of the rotor, and enters into the S pole through the air gap and stator core to form a loop.
2.1.2 stator structure、Stator core is an important part of permanent magnet motor flux loop and stator fixed coil, which is compressed into a whole by stamping, three-phase symmetrical windings and fasteners.、2.1.2.1 the basic requirements of stator core are as follows:、1) The stiffness is better and the vibration is smaller;、2) The inner diameter and slot size of the core after lamination should meet the design accuracy requirements;、3) Ventilation cooling is adopted in the structural arrangement;、4) Ensure good magnetic conductivity and low loss;、2.1.2.2 the basic requirements of stator winding are as follows:、1) In a certain number of conductors, the maximum fundamental electromotive force and fundamental magnetomotive force can exist;、2) In the three-phase winding, the three-phase fundamental electromotive force and its three-phase fundamental magnetomotive force should be symmetrical, that is, equal in magnitude;、3) The three-phase electromotive force and three-phase magnetomotive force should be close to sine wave to reduce its harmonic component; The insulation performance and mechanical strength should be reliable, and the heat dissipation condition should be good.、二十六国语言互译
The permanent magnet synchronous generator is composed of two rotors and a stator. The rotors are on both sides of the stator, and the rotor is composed of a coil of permanent magnets. The power generation depends on the size of permanent magnet, coil diameter and number of coils. According to the structure, permanent magnet synchronous generator is mainly composed of main armature, main rotor, main exciter and auxiliary exciter. Permanent magnet is the part of the auxiliary exciter, the main rotor is the coil winding, the main rotor generates the magnetic field through direct current, driven by the prime mover, the magnetic field rotates with the rotor. The figure below is for reference
The development and application of permanent magnet synchronous generator is widely used in the industry. Its most significant advantages are light, high performance and energy saving. Permanent magnet motor is the basis of many new technologies. It combines with power electronics technology and permanent magnet technology to produce excellent products. With the continuous development of permanent magnet motor technology, it is developing in the direction of high efficiency and energy saving. Rare earth permanent magnet motor is also a kind of high-efficiency energy-saving products, the average power saving rate is more than 10%. Permanent magnet synchronous engine is one of the development trends of motor industry technology in the new century. It should develop in the direction of intelligent mechatronics, and at the same time, it should improve the level of traditional mechanical and electrical products. The premise of realizing Mechatronics is to develop all kinds of high-performance rare earth permanent magnet motors for Mechatronics, such as aerospace products, electric vehicles, etc. with its small volume, energy saving, good control performance, permanent magnet synchronous motor can be made into low-speed direct drive, eliminate gear reducer, and speed regulation through the change of frequency, It can be developed and applied in elevator technology. It is believed that with the further development of electronic technology and permanent magnet technology, the technology of permanent magnet synchronous generator will develop in the direction of high efficiency, energy saving, high performance, integration and light weight, and become more and more perfect.
4. Strong overload capacity, suitable for working in various harsh environments.、5. Small volume and high power density、The volume of permanent magnet synchronous generator is small and the power density is high. When it meets the load of low speed and high torque, the number of poles of the motor increases and the volume of the motor can be reduced.、6. Large starting torque, low noise and low temperature rise、a. Permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) can keep a good working condition at low frequency, with stable operation and low noise;、b. There is no resistance loss in the rotor, almost no reactive current in the stator winding, and the temperature rise of the motor is low. The power of the permanent magnet motor with the same volume and weight can be increased by about 30%.
1. High work efficiency and power saving、a. Because the magnetic field of permanent magnet synchronous motor is generated by permanent magnet, the copper loss can be effectively reduced;、b. The external characteristic efficiency curve of PMSM is much higher than that of asynchronous motor under light load.、2. High power factor、When designing permanent magnet synchronous motor, its power factor can be adjusted, and even the design success factor is close to or equal to 1, which is independent of the number of poles; With the increase of the number of poles, the power factor of the induction motor will be lower and lower. For example, the power factor of the motor with 8 poles is usually about 0.85. With the increase of the number of poles, the corresponding power factor will be lower and lower.、3. High reliability、Compared with the motor itself, the reliability of permanent magnet synchronous generator and asynchronous motor is equivalent. However, due to the flexibility of PMSG structure, it can drive the load directly; In special cases, the motor can even be designed inside its driving device.
1. High work efficiency and power saving、a. Because the magnetic field of permanent magnet synchronous motor is generated by permanent magnet, the copper loss can be effectively reduced;、b. The external characteristic efficiency curve of PMSM is much higher than that of asynchronous motor under light load.、2. High power factor、When designing permanent magnet synchronous motor, its power factor can be adjusted, and even the design success factor is close to or equal to 1, which is independent of the number of poles; With the increase of the number of poles, the power factor of the induction motor will be lower and lower. For example, the power factor of the motor with 8 poles is usually about 0.85. With the increase of the number of poles, the corresponding power factor will be lower and lower.、3. High reliability、Compared with the motor itself, the reliability of permanent magnet synchronous generator and asynchronous motor is equivalent. However, due to the flexibility of PMSG structure, it can drive the load directly; In special cases, the motor can even be designed inside its driving device.、4. Strong overload capacity, suitable for working in various harsh environments.、5. Small volume and high power density、The volume of permanent magnet synchronous generator is small and the power density is high. When it meets the load of low speed and high torque, the number of poles of the motor increases and the volume of the motor can be reduced.、6. Large starting torque, low noise and low temperature rise、a. Permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) can keep a good working condition at low frequency, with stable operation and low noise;、b. There is no resistance loss in the rotor, almost no reactive current in the stator winding, and the temperature rise of the motor is low. The power of the permanent magnet motor with the same volume and weight can be increased by about 30%.、二十六国语言互译
Permanent magnet mainly refers to the auxiliary exciter part, while the main rotor is mainly the coil winding. If it is not the above structure, the automatic voltage regulation cannot be realized. The main rotor generates magnetic field by direct current, and under the precise drive of the prime mover, the magnetic field rotates with the rotor. Permanent magnet synchronous generator is mainly composed of stator core and stator three-phase symmetrical winding, which is different from the structure of electrically excited synchronous generator; The rotor is mainly composed of permanent magnet, shaft and related parts. These permanent magnet materials have the following characteristics:
Permanent magnet synchronous generator, like other types of rotating machines, is composed of a fixed stator and a rotatable rotor. Due to the relative cutting activity between the winding and the main magnetic field, three-phase symmetrical alternating potential with periodic change in size and direction will be induced in the winding. Through the outgoing line, AC power can be provided. According to its structure, permanent magnet synchronous generator is divided into three parts: main exciter, auxiliary exciter, main armature and main rotor.
With the further maturity of permanent magnet material technology, the industry believes that its development can be divided into three stages. The first stage: SmCo permanent magnet is the first generation of rare earth permanent magnet discovered by Prof. K. J. stranat in 1967. Its chemical formula can be expressed as rco5 (where R represents samarium, praseodymium and other rare earth elements); The second stage: in 1973, the second generation of rare earth permanent magnets with good magnetism appeared, whose chemical formula is r2co7. The maximum magnetic energy product of the product is 258.6kj/m3 (32mg · OE); The third stage: in 1983, Sumitomo Special Metals Co., Ltd. of Japan and General Motors Co., Ltd. of the United States respectively developed NdFeB permanent magnets. The maximum magnetic energy product in the laboratory is 431.3kj/m3 (54.2mg · OE), and the industrial production is 397.9kj/m3 (50mg · OE), which is called the third generation of rare earth permanent magnetic materials. Because the magnetic properties of Nd-Fe-B permanent magnet material are obviously superior to other permanent magnet materials, and its price is also lower than that of rare earth cobalt permanent magnet material. The content of Nd in rare earth ore is more than ten times that of SM, so there is no strategic material Co. As a result, a lot of human, financial and material resources have been invested in research and development.
The coercivity of magnetic steel is slightly lower (36 ~ 160kA / M), and the remanence density of ferrite permanent magnet is low (0.2 ~ 0.44t). The above situation limits its wide application in motor. Up to 1960s-1980s, rare earth cobalt permanent magnet and NdFeB permanent magnet (both known as rare earth permanent magnet) came out in the industry one after another. High remanence density, high magnetic energy product, linear demagnetization curve and other excellent performance, especially suitable for motor manufacturing, make the development of permanent magnet motor into a new stage.
The development of permanent magnet synchronous generator is closely related to the development of permanent magnet materials. China is the first country in the world to discover the magnetism of permanent magnet materials and apply it to production practice. The first motor in the world appeared in the 1920s. It is a kind of permanent magnet motor which produces excitation magnetic field by permanent magnet. Because the permanent magnet material used is natural iron ore (Fe3O4) and the magnetic energy density is very low, the motor produced is bulky and bulky, and it will soon be replaced by electric excitation motor. The magnetic properties of alnico permanent magnet (the maximum energy product is 85kj / m3) and ferrite permanent magnet (the maximum energy product is 40kj / m3) appeared in the 1930s-1950s, and all kinds of micro and small motors also use permanent magnet excitation. During this period, the design principle, design concept, calculation method and manufacturing technology of permanent magnet motor have also made great breakthroughs, and gradually formed a set of analysis and research methods represented by "permanent magnet working diagram method".
The so-called permanent magnet refers to adding permanent magnet in the manufacturing of motor rotor to further improve the working performance of motor. The so-called synchronization means that the rotor speed and stator winding current frequency are always consistent. With the continuous improvement of the performance of permanent magnet materials, permanent magnet motor with its excellent performance and perfect structure has been widely used in modern aerospace, industry, agriculture and daily life.
Permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) is a kind of synchronous motor used as a generator, which is the most commonly used and popular alternator in the industry. It is widely used in thermal power, hydropower, nuclear power and diesel power generation. According to the structure, alternator can be divided into rotating magnetic field and rotating armature. When the number of pole pairs is p and the rotor speed is n, the output current frequency f = NP / 60 (Hz).
Permanent magnet synchronous generator and other types of permanent magnet motor work basically the same, mainly composed of stator and rotor. Because of the relative cutting activity between the winding and the main magnetic field, the three-phase symmetrical alternating potential with periodic change in size and direction will be accurately induced in the winding. At the same time, the corresponding power supply can be provided for the required equipment through the outgoing line.
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